Main article: XML
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a meta markup language that is now widely used. XML was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium, a committee established and chaired by Jon Bosak. The main objective was to simplify SGML XML, focusing on a particular problem -. Documents on the Internet [9] XML is a meta-language like SGML, allowing users to create label formats (hence "extensible") and then describes the tags and their permitted uses.
The adoption of XML has been helped because every XML document can be drafted so that it is also an SGML document and current users of SGML and software could turn to XML is relatively easy. But XML removed many features more complex and more human-oriented SGML that simplify deployment environments, such as documents and publications. However, it appeared to strike a balance between simplicity and flexibility, and was quickly adopted for many other applications. XML is now widely used to communicate data between applications. Like HTML, it can be described as a "container" language.
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the predominant markup language for Web pages. HTML elements are the building blocks of Web pages.HTML is written in the form of an HTML element consists of tags enclosed in angle brackets (such as <html> ), Inside the page content. More commonly in pairs, such as HTML <h1> and </h1> , Although some of the tags, known as empty elements, are odd, for example, <img> . The first pair is the start tag tag second tag is the closing tag (also known as the opening tag and closing tag). Among these tags, web designers can add text, tags, comments and other textual content.
The purpose of a Web browser to read HTML documents and assemble them into websites visible or audible. Your browser does not display HTML tags, but uses tags to interpret the contents of the page.
HTML elements are the building blocks of all sites. HTML allows images and objects are integrated and can be used to create interactive forms. Provides a way to create structured documents noting the structural semantics of the text as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other elements. You can embed scripts in languages such as JavaScript that affect the behavior of HTML web pages.
Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other materials. W3C HTML and CSS maintainer for standards, encourages the use of explicit presentation HTML CSS
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A markup language is a sophisticated system to write a text in a way that is syntactically different from the text. The idea and the terminology that has evolved from the "brand" of the manuscripts, ie instructions for review by publishers, which are traditionally written with a blue pencil on the manuscripts of the authors. Examples are the dialing instructions, such as those found in troff and LaTeX, and structural markers, such as XML tags. Marking is generally omitted in the version of text displayed to end-user consumer. Some markup languages like HTML have a semantic presentation, which means that its specification prescribes how data structure must be filed, but other markup languages like XML, have no predefined semantics.
A well known example of a markup language in use today is widespread HyperText Markup Language (HTML), one of the formats of the documents on the World Wide Web. HTML is primarily an instance of SGML (although, strictly speaking, does not meet all the rules of SGML) and follows the conventions of many brands used in the publishing industry in the communication of printed work between authors, publishers and printers.
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Types
There are three general categories of electronic tagging:. Presentation, procedural and descriptive [1] [2]
Marking the presentation is to use a traditional word processing systems, binary codes embedded in the text of the document produced by a WYSIWYG effect. As usual markup is designed to hide the human users, including those who are authors or suppliers.
Tagging procedure is integrated in the text and provides instructions for programs to handle text. The best known examples are troff, LaTeX and PostScript, it is expected that the processor works through the text from beginning to end, following the instructions that are encountered. Tagging text as is often published with the code visible and handled directly by the author. People procedural markup systems typically include programming structures, such as macros or subroutines can be defined and invoked by name.
Descriptive markup, the code used to indicate parts of the document, rather than giving specific instructions on how to face. The goal is to extract the natural structure of the document to any particular treatment or disposal of it. An indication of this type is often described as a "semantic". For example, descriptive markup to <cite>HTML tags, which is used to label a quote.</cite>
There is a considerable blurring of lines between types of markup. In modern word processors have presentation markup is often stored in descriptive markup-oriented systems such as XML and then processed procedural implementations. Programming constructs of descriptive markup systems such as TeX can be used to create a more level tagging, which are more descriptive, such as latex.
In recent years, a number of markup languages small and largely non-standard have been developed to allow authors to create formatted text via Web browsers, for use in forums and wikis Internet. These are sometimes called lightweight markup language. The markup used by Wikipedia is an example.
In 1991, he appeared to many [who?] SGML limited to applications and data-based business at the same time WYSIWYG tools (which stores the documents in binary format) is sufficient for other applications to process documents. The situation changed when Sir Tim Berners-Lee, learning of SGML colleague Anders Berglund and others at CERN, using the syntax of SGML to create HTML. HTML-based languages like other SGML tags, even though it was simpler than most, and the formal DTD was not developed until later. Steven DeRose [8] argues that the use of the HTML markup descriptive (and SGML in particular) was an important factor in the success of the Web, because of the flexibility and expandability that allowed (Other factors include the concept of URLs and the free distribution of the browser). HTML is very likely that the most popular markup language in the modern world.
Some [citation needed] is to restrict the term "markup language" for systems that directly support non-hierarchical structures (see the hierarchical model). According to this definition of HTML, XML, SGML, and even (rarely out of the TO option used) may be disqualified and is called "container language" instead. However, the "language of the container" is not commonly used, and other languages are hierarchical almost universally regarded as markup languages. There is active research in the non-hierarchical models of brands, some expressed in XML and related languages (eg, using text encoding guidelines Initiative and derivatives such as the Open Scripture Information Standard and CLIX) and not others (for example, MECS and language markup and annotation is placed or LMNL). Much of this research is published in the proceedings of conferences marking and labeling extreme, usually held in Montreal.
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